> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.firebolt.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# JSON functions

> BigQuery JSON functions and accessors supported in BigQuery compatibility mode.

<span className="feature-tag">Preview</span>

BigQuery [JSON functions](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions) in [BigQuery compatibility mode](/reference-sql/bigquery/overview). See also the Firebolt [JSON type](/reference-sql/data-types/json).

| Function | Support | Notes |
| :- | :- | :- |
| [`JSON_VALUE`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_value) | Supported | Extracts a scalar as text. |
| [`JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_extract_scalar) | Supported | Alias of `JSON_VALUE`. |
| [`JSON_QUERY`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_query) | Supported | Extracts a JSON subtree. |
| [`JSON_EXTRACT`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_extract) | Supported | Alias of `JSON_QUERY`. |
| [`JSON_QUERY_ARRAY`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_query_array) | Supported | |
| [`JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_extract_array) | Supported | |
| [`JSON_VALUE_ARRAY`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_value_array) | Supported | |
| [`JSON_EXTRACT_STRING_ARRAY`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_extract_string_array) | Supported | |
| [`JSON_KEYS`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_keys) | Supported | |
| [`JSON_OBJECT`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object) | Supported | |
| [`TO_JSON`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#to_json) | Supported | |
| [`TO_JSON_STRING`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#to_json_string) | Supported | |
| [`BOOL`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#bool_for_json) | Supported | Typed accessor on a `JSON` value. |
| [`INT64`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#int64_for_json) | Supported | Typed accessor on a `JSON` value. |
| [`FLOAT64`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#float64_for_json) | Supported | Typed accessor on a `JSON` value. |
| [`STRING`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#string_for_json) | Supported | Typed accessor on a `JSON` value. |
| [`LAX_BOOL`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#lax_bool), [`LAX_INT64`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#lax_int64), [`LAX_FLOAT64`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#lax_float64), [`LAX_STRING`](https://docs.cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#lax_string) | Supported | Lenient typed accessors. |
| `JSON_ARRAY`, `JSON_ARRAY_APPEND`, `JSON_ARRAY_INSERT`, `JSON_FLATTEN`, `JSON_REMOVE`, `JSON_SET`, `JSON_STRIP_NULLS`, `JSON_TYPE`, `PARSE_JSON` | Not supported | JSON construction and mutation functions. |

The typed integer accessors cover `INT64` and `INT32`. `UINT32` and `UINT64` accessors are not supported, because Firebolt has no unsigned type.

## Field access operator

The `->` operator reads a field from a JSON value:

```sql theme={"theme":{"light":"css-variables","dark":"css-variables"}}
SELECT json_col -> 'user' -> 'id' FROM events;
```

## JSON path support

Paths support the root `$`, dot access (`.key`), bracket access (`['key']` or `["key"]`), and array index (`[n]`). Wildcards (`[*]`, `.*`), recursive descent (`..`), array slices, and filter expressions are not supported.


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